Kukumana Padziko Lonse Lapansi: Miyezo Yotsimikizika ya Carbon Fiber Air Cylinders

Mawu Oyamba

Silinda ya carbon fiber composites amavomerezedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, makamaka m'makina opumira okha (SCBA) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozimitsa moto, chitetezo cha mafakitale, kuthawa, ndi ntchito zopulumutsa. Komabe, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito, masilindalawa amayenera kukwaniritsa zovomerezeka zamadera kapena mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chiwongolero chachidule cha certification ndi kutsata zofunikira zamasilinda a zida zopumira mpweya m'misika yayikulu yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikutsindikathanki ya carbon fiber composites.

North America: United States ndi Canada

United States

• Bungwe Loyang'anira: US Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Standard: DOT-CFFC (ya masilinda ophatikizika), kapena DOT-SP ya zilolezo zapadera
• Kuyesa: Zimaphatikizapo mayeso ophulika, kuthamanga kwa njinga, ndi kukana mphamvu
• Mbali: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponse ozimitsa moto SCBA (NFPA-yogwirizana), mpweya wamankhwala, ndi chitetezo cha mafakitale

Canada

• Bungwe Loyang'anira: Transport Canada (TC)
• Standard: TC-3FCM yakutidwa kwathunthumpweya wa carbon fiber cylinders
• Kugwirizana: Miyezo yaku Canada ndi US nthawi zambiri imagwirizana

mgwirizano wamayiko aku Ulaya

• Regulatory Framework: Transportable Pressure Equipment Directive (TPED) ndi Chizindikiro cha CE
• Miyezo YoyeneraTS EN 12245 masilindala ophatikizika
• Kuyendera: Mabungwe odziwitsidwa ndi gulu lachitatu amayesa kutsata
• Mapulogalamu: SCBA ya ozimitsa moto, wothinikizidwa mpweya wodumphira pansi, masilindala azachipatala

Carbon fiber cylinders ku Europe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito komanso kuyesa kwa moyo wonse, kuphatikiza kutopa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kulekerera kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe.

Japan

• Ulamuliro Woyang'anira: High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan (KHK)
• Standard: Chitsimikizo cha KHK chofunikira pamasitima onse othamanga kwambiri
• Madera Okhazikika: Kuthina kwa gasi, chitetezo pansi pa kugwedezeka ndi kutentha kwambiri
• Gwiritsani Ntchito Milandu: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu SCBA ndikusunga mphamvu zoyera (mwachitsanzo, haidrojeni)

Malamulo aku Japan amagogomezera kuyezetsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi chiphaso cha batch.

South Korea

• Wowongolera: Korea Gas Safety Corporation (KGS)
• StandardKGS AC111 ya ma silinda a gasi ophatikizika
• Zofunika Zoyesa: Mulinso mayeso otsitsa, mayeso ozungulira kuthamanga, komanso kukana moto
• Magawo Odziwika: Kuzimitsa moto, gasi wamakampani, scuba

Chigawo cha CIS (Russia ndi Mayiko Oyandikana nawo)

• Chitsimikizo: GOST-R kapena TR CU (Eurasian Conformity Certificate)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito: Ayenera kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo a Customs Union
• Kuyendera: Mabungwe a certification amderalo ndi kuyezetsa ma lab
• Kugwiritsa ntchito: SCBA mu migodi, ntchito zopulumutsa, ndi zomera mankhwala

Mayiko a Gulf (GCC)

• Njira Yoyang'anira: GCC Standardization Organisation (GSO), yoyang'anira dziko
• Miyezo: Nthawi zambiri amatengera miyezo ya ISO kapena EN (mwachitsanzo, ISO 11119)
• Misika: Gawo lamafuta ndi gasi, kuzimitsa moto, kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi

Chilolezo cha kasitomu m'maikowa nthawi zambiri chimadalira kuunika kogwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika kale komanso chiphaso cha labu kuchokera kumalo ovomerezeka.

Misika ina Yapadziko Lonse

Australia & New Zealand

• StandardAS/NZS 1802 ndi ISO 11119
• Njira Yovomerezeka: Ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo yoyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe oteteza dziko

India

• Ulamuliro: Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO)
• Chofunikira: Kulowetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masilindala othamanga kwambiri kuyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo a gasi aku India ndikuvomerezedwa ndi mtundu wakomweko

China

• Bungwe Loyang'anira: State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR)
• Standard: GB 28053 ya masilindala a SCBA, GB 28050 ya masilindala ambiri a gasi
• Kutsatira: Kuwunika kwa mafakitale ndi kuyezetsa kupanikizika kumafunika

Common Mbali zaCarbon Fiber Composite Cylinders

Mosasamala dera,mpweya wa carbon fiber cylinders kugawana zabwino zazikulu:

• Mapangidwe Opepuka: Zosavuta kunyamula pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali
• Mphamvu Zapamwamba: Amapangidwa kuti athe kupirira zovuta zazikulu (200-300 bar range)
• Kukhalitsa: Kusachita dzimbiri, kutopa komanso kukhudzidwa
• Kuchita bwino: Imalola mpweya wopuma wambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, opepuka
• Utali wamoyo: Itha kukhala zaka 15 ndikuyesedwa koyenera komanso kuvomerezedwa nthawi ndi nthawi

Chidule

Kumvetsetsa zofunikira za certification pamsika uliwonse ndikofunikira kwa opanga, ogulitsa, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto. Ngakhale kuti miyezo imasiyanasiyana, cholinga chachikulu chimakhalabe chimodzimodzi: kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito, kudalirika kwa zida, komanso kukonzekera ntchito.Tanki ya carbon fiber composites akhala mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi m'machitidwe a SCBA chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kopepuka, magwiridwe antchito amphamvu, komanso kusinthika ku zosowa zosiyanasiyana.

Opanga ngati ma Cylinders a KB kugwirizanitsa mapangidwe awo ndi ziphaso zingapo zachigawo, kuthandiza ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuti apereke njira zopumira zotetezeka komanso zodalirika pazozimitsa moto, zamankhwala, mafakitale, ndi mphamvu.