Kumvetsetsa Kusiyana Pakati pa Matanki a SCBA ndi SCUBA: Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane

Pankhani ya matanki a mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ndi SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) ndi SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) matanki. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popereka mpweya wopumira, koma mapangidwe awo, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, ndi mafotokozedwe ake amasiyana kwambiri. Kaya mukuchita ntchito zopulumutsa anthu mwadzidzidzi, kuzimitsa moto, kapena kudumphira pansi pamadzi, kumvetsetsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa akasinjawa ndikofunikira. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kusiyana kwakukulu, kuyang'ana pa udindo wacarbon fiber composite silindas, zomwe zasintha akasinja onse a SCBA ndi SCUBA.

SCBA vs. SCUBA: Mafotokozedwe Ofunika

1. SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus): Makina a SCBA amapangidwira malo omwe mpweya wopumira umasokonekera. Izi zingaphatikizepo ozimitsa moto omwe akulowa m'nyumba zodzaza utsi, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe ali m'malo a mpweya wapoizoni, kapena ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi omwe akugwira ntchito yowopsa yatayikira. Matanki a SCBA amapangidwa kuti azipereka mpweya wabwino kwakanthawi kochepa, nthawi zambiri pamalo omwe ali pamwamba pomwe palibe mpweya wopumira.
2. SCUBA (Chida Chodzipangira Pansi Pamadzi Chopumira M'madzi): Machitidwe a SCUBA, kumbali ina, amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu osiyanasiyana azipuma pamene akumira. Matanki a SCUBA amapereka mpweya kapena zosakaniza zina zomwe zimalola anthu osiyanasiyana kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yaitali.

Ngakhale matanki onsewa amapereka mpweya, amagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo amamangidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.

Zida ndi Zomangamanga: Udindo waCarbon Fiber Composite Cylinders

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wamakina a SCBA ndi SCUBA ndikugwiritsa ntchitocarbon fiber composite silindas. Matanki achikhalidwe anali opangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena aluminiyamu, zomwe, ngakhale zolimba, zimakhala zolemetsa komanso zovuta. Mpweya wa kaboni, wokhala ndi chiwongolero champhamvu champhamvu ndi kulemera kwake, wasanduka chinthu chodziwika bwino cha akasinja amakono.

1. Kunenepa Ubwino: Silinda ya carbon fiber composites ndi opepuka kwambiri kuposa matanki achitsulo kapena aluminiyamu. Mu machitidwe a SCBA, kuchepetsa kulemera kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri. Ozimitsa moto ndi ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa nthawi zambiri amafunika kunyamula zida zolemetsa, kotero kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zida zawo zopumira kumathandiza kuti aziyenda kwambiri komanso amachepetsa kutopa. Matanki a SCBA opangidwa kuchokera ku carbon fiber ndi opepuka mpaka 50% kuposa anzawo achitsulo, osasokoneza mphamvu kapena kulimba.M'matanki a SCUBA, mawonekedwe opepuka a carbon fiber amaperekanso phindu. Ngakhale pansi pamadzi, kulemera sikudetsa nkhawa kwambiri, koma kwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe amanyamula akasinja kupita ndi kuchokera kumadzi kapena kuwakweza m'mabwato, kulemera kocheperako kumapangitsa kuti zochitikazo zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
2. Kukhalitsa ndi Kuthamanga Kwambiri: Silinda ya carbon fiber composites amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zothamanga kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti amatha kupirira zovuta zamkati. Matanki a SCBA nthawi zambiri amafunika kusungira mpweya woponderezedwa mpaka 4,500 PSI, ndipo mpweya wa carbon umapereka umphumphu wofunikira kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zoterezi mosamala. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupulumutsa kapena ntchito zozimitsa moto, pomwe akasinja amakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo kulephera kulikonse m'dongosolo kutha kukhala pachiwopsezo.Matanki a SCUBA, omwe nthawi zambiri amasunga mpweya pazovuta zapakati pa 3,000 ndi 3,500 PSI, amapindulanso ndi kulimba komwe kumapereka mpweya wa carbon. Osiyanasiyana amafunikira kutsimikiziridwa kuti akasinja awo amatha kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya woponderezedwa popanda chiopsezo chosweka. Kumanga kwamitundu yambiri ya carbon fiber kumatsimikizira chitetezo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tanki.
3. Moyo wautali: Zigawo zakunja zathanki ya carbon fiber composites zambiri zikuphatikizapozokutira zapamwamba za polimandi zinthu zina zoteteza. Zigawozi zimateteza ku chilengedwe, monga chinyezi, kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala, kapena kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Kwa akasinja a SCBA, omwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto ngati moto kapena ngozi zamakampani, chitetezo chowonjezerachi ndichofunikira pakutalikitsa moyo wa thanki.Matanki a SCUBA, omwe ali ndi malo amchere amchere, amapindula ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komwe kaboni fiber ndi zokutira zoteteza zimapereka. Matanki achitsulo achikale amatha kuwononga pakapita nthawi chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ndi mchere nthawi zonse, pomwethanki ya carbon fibers kukana kudzitsitsa kwa mtundu uwu.

Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito M'malo Osiyanasiyana

Malo omwe akasinja a SCBA ndi SCUBA amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji amakhudza kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito SCBA: Matanki a SCBA nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchitopamwamba-pansikapena zochitika za mlengalenga zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chofulumira ku moyo wa munthu kuchokera ku utsi, mpweya, kapena mlengalenga wopanda mpweya. Pazifukwa izi, cholinga chachikulu ndikupereka mwayi wofikira mpweya wopumira kwakanthawi pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuchita ntchito zopulumutsa kapena kutuluka m'malo owopsa. Matanki a SCBA nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma alarm omwe amadziwitsa mwiniwakeyo pamene mpweya ukuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kutsindika udindo wawo ngati yankho lachidule.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito SCUBA: Matanki a SCUBA adapangidwiranthawi yayitali pansi pamadzintchito. Osiyanasiyana amadalira akasinjawa kuti apume pofufuza kapena kugwira ntchito m'madzi akuya. Matanki a SCUBA amawunikidwa mosamala kuti apereke kusakaniza koyenera kwa mpweya (mpweya kapena zosakaniza zapadera za gasi) kuti zitsimikizire kupuma motetezeka pansi pa kuya ndi kupsinjika kosiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi akasinja a SCBA, akasinja a SCUBA amapangidwa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amapereka mpweya wa 30 mpaka 60 mphindi, kutengera kukula kwa thanki ndi kuya.

Mpweya ndi Kutalika kwa Nthawi

Kutalika kwa mpweya wa matanki onse a SCBA ndi SCUBA kumasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa thanki, kupanikizika, ndi kupuma kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.

1. Matanki a SCBA: Matanki a SCBA amapangidwa kuti azipereka mpweya wozungulira 30 mpaka 60 mphindi, ngakhale nthawiyi imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa silinda ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ozimitsa moto amatha kudya mpweya mwachangu panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yomwe mpweya wawo umatulutsa.
2. Matanki a SCUBA: Matanki a SCUBA, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa madzi, amapereka mpweya kwa nthawi yaitali, koma nthawi yeniyeni imadalira kwambiri kuya kwa madzi osambira ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito diver. Kuzama kwa diver kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wopanikizika kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mpweya uziyenda mofulumira. Kusambira kwa SCUBA kutha kukhala pakati pa mphindi 30 mpaka ola limodzi, malingana ndi kukula kwa thanki ndi kuthawa.

Zofunika Kusamalira ndi Kuyang'anira

Matanki onse a SCBA ndi SCUBA amafunikira pafupipafupikuyesa kwa hydrostaticndi kuyang'anitsitsa zowoneka kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi ntchito.Tanki ya carbon fiberNthawi zambiri amayesedwa zaka zisanu zilizonse, ngakhale izi zimatha kusiyana kutengera malamulo amderalo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pakapita nthawi, akasinja amatha kuwonongeka, ndipo kukonzanso pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kuti mitundu yonse ya akasinja azigwira bwino ntchito m'malo awo.

1. Kuyang'ana Matanki a SCBA: Matanki a SCBA, chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, amawunikiridwa pafupipafupi ndipo amayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zotetezedwa. Kuwonongeka kwa kutentha, kukhudzidwa, kapena kukhudzana ndi mankhwala kumakhala kofala, kotero kuonetsetsa kuti silinda ndiyofunika kwambiri.
2. Kuyang'ana Matanki a SCUBA: Matanki a SCUBA ayeneranso kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati akudwala kapena kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwawo ndi mikhalidwe ya pansi pa madzi, madzi amchere ndi zinthu zina zimatha kuvala, kotero chisamaliro choyenera ndikuwunika pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chitetezo cham'madzi.

Mapeto

Ngakhale akasinja a SCBA ndi SCUBA amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchitocarbon fiber composite silindaszasintha kwambiri mitundu yonse iwiri ya machitidwe. Mpweya wa kaboni umapereka kukhazikika kosayerekezeka, mphamvu, ndi zinthu zopepuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri ndi akasinja a mpweya wothamanga kwambiri pozimitsa moto komanso kulowa pansi. Matanki a SCBA amamangidwa kuti azipereka mpweya kwakanthawi kochepa m'malo owopsa, omwe ali pamwamba pa nthaka, pomwe akasinja a SCUBA amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi. Kumvetsetsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa akasinjawa ndikofunikira pakusankha zida zoyenera pazochitika zilizonse zapadera, kuwonetsetsa chitetezo, magwiridwe antchito, komanso magwiridwe antchito.